The model

tilttek/heraldry

A coat of arms is a Coat: a field, and at most one of each of the rest.

use Tilttek\Heraldry\{Arrangement, Brisure, BrisureMark, Charge, ChargeGroup, Coat, Field, Ordinary, Partition, Piece, Tincture};

$coat = new Coat(
    Field::plain(Tincture::Azure),
    new Piece(Ordinary::Fess, Tincture::Or),
    new ChargeGroup(Charge::Mullet, Tincture::Argent, 3),
    new Brisure(BrisureMark::Label, Tincture::Gules),
);

The field

Field::plain() takes one tincture. Field::divided() takes a Partition and two different tinctures:

Partition	English	French	The first tincture takes
`PerPale`	per pale	parti	the dexter half, on the left as one looks at the shield
`PerFess`	per fess	coupé	the upper half
`PerBend`	per bend	tranché	the upper half, above the line from the dexter chief
`PerBendSinister`	per bend sinister	taillé	the upper half, above the line from the sinister chief
`Quarterly`	quarterly	écartelé	the first and fourth quarters
`PerSaltire`	per saltire	écartelé en sautoir	the chief and the base

Tinctures

Two metals (Or, Argent), five colours (Gules, Azure, Vert, Sable, Purpure) and two furs (Ermine, Vair). Tincture::kind() gives the family, and contrastsWith() says whether one may lie on another; see the rule of tincture.

Ordinaries

A Piece is an Ordinary in its tincture. Each ordinary says how many charges it carries on itself and how many may lie beside it:

Ordinary	On it	Beside it
`Chief`	1, 2 or 3, in a row	1, 2 or 3, in the rest of the field
`Fess`	1, 2 or 3, in a row	2 or 3, around it
`Pale`	1, 2 or 3, in a column	2, flanking it
`Bend`, `BendSinister`	1, 2 or 3, along it	2, around it
`Chevron`	1 or 3	3, around it
`Cross`, `Saltire`	1, at the centre	none
`Bordure`	none	1, 2 or 3, within it

Charges

A ChargeGroup is one to three charges of one kind and one tincture: Mullet, Crescent, Roundel, Annulet, Lozenge, Mascle, Billet or FleurDeLis. It lies on the field, or on the ordinary with onPiece: true.

On the field, with no ordinary or beside a chief or a bordure, two or three charges take an Arrangement: Usual — two above one for three, one above the other for two —, InFess in a row, or InPale in a column. On or around an ordinary, the charges follow it and take no arrangement.

Marks of difference

A Brisure is a BrisureMark — a Label across the chief, or a Bendlet over everything — in its tincture.

What a coat refuses

The constructors throw Exception\InvalidCoat for a divided field of one tincture, a group of no charge or of more than three, a single charge with an arrangement, charges on an ordinary the coat does not have, a number of charges the ordinary does not take, and an arrangement for charges an ordinary places. A coat that breaks the rule of tincture is not refused: such arms exist, and TinctureRule tells them apart.